Novel approach for three-dimensional integral documentation of machine rooms in hospitals using portable mobile mapping system

10 p.In this paper, a novel method for the documentation and evaluation of the machine roomsin hospitals is presented. The approach is based on data acquired with a portable mobile mappingsystem (PMMS), GeoSlam Zeb-Revo, which has proved to be effective for three-dimensional (3D) mappingof indoor environments, as well as for 3D modeling of individual thermal and fluid-mechanics equipment.An automatic data processing workflow based on the extraction of quantitative and qualitative geometricalfeatures from the point clouds provided by the PMMS is developed with the aim of evaluating the stateand adequate distributions of machineries and, in this way, generating a complete three-dimensional map ofthe industrial environment to be used for maintenance, inspection, and inventory tasks in accordance withsafety standards. The extracted parameters are statistically tested to evaluate the adequacy of the proposedmethodology and, in this way, demonstrate its potential for the application in the context of hospital facilitiesS

Procesos de ingeniería inversa en elementos de automoción usando Gaming Sensors

Trabajo de Fin de Máster del Máster en Geotecnologías cartográficas en ingeniería y arquitectura, curso 2011-2012.[ES]En los últimos tiempos, el incesante crecimiento que está viviendo el mundo de la ingeniería inversa, nos lleva a plantearnos la búsqueda de unos medios de captura más rápidos que los que se están empleando hasta el momento. Los Gaming Sensors ofrecen una nueva visión dentro de este campo. Su ligereza y rapidez de captura obrarán a favor de estos sensores en contra posición a otros equipos especializados, como son los brazos robóticos. El objetivo principal que se plantea en este proyecto es el análisis de dos sensores completamente distintos, valorando en función de los errores generados, el tiempo de ejecución y su coste económico, hasta qué punto resulta rentable la utilización de uno u otro. Se confrontarán los resultados obtenidos de los modelos CAD finales, a nivel de precisión y exactitud, generados por la Kinect 2 y el brazo robótico Romer Absolute Arm, sirviendo como objeto de estudio el motor de un automóvil

Automatic road inventory using a low-cost mobile mapping system and based on a semantic segmentation deep learning model

Road maintenance is crucial for ensuring safety and government compliance, but manual measurement methods can be time-consuming and hazardous. This work proposes an automated approach for road inventory using a deep learning model and a 3D point cloud acquired by a low-cost mobile mapping system. The road inventory includes the road width, number of lanes, individual lane widths, superelevation, and safety barrier height. The results are compared with a ground truth on a 1.5 km subset of road, showing an overall intersection-over-union score of 84% for point cloud segmentation and centimetric errors for road inventory parameters. The number of lanes is correctly estimated in 81% of cases. This proposed method offers a safer and more automated approach to road inventory tasks and can be extended to more complex objects and rules for road maintenance and digitalization. The proposed approach has the potential to pave the way for building digital models from as-built infrastructure acquired by mobile mapping systems, making the road inventory process more efficient and accurate.Agencia Estatal de Investigación | Ref. RYC2021-033560-ICentro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial | Ref. IDI-2018111

Neogene activity of the Barrancas Bancas Fault and its relationship with Hydrothermal and volcanic activity

The chronology and nature of the Neogene-Cuaternary deformation in the Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ) in the north of Chile is partially unclear. Some authors have identified compression in isolated areas of the western slopes of the Altiplano-Puna Plateau between the 23,5 and 25ºS, which deformed Miocene and Pliocene deposits (e.g. Gonzalez et al., 2009). In this context, Barrancas Blancas fault, located in the western limit of the Western Cordillera, outcrops in a scarp oriented NS and represents a record of the tectonic activity during the Miocene (Gardeweg et al., 1993). This fault affects to Pampa de Mulas gravels (23,6±1,6 Ma) and Rio Frio Ignimbrites (17,3± 1,7 Ma), and is covered by Miocene-to-Holocene alluvial deposits. In the eastern side of Punta Negra Salar was emplaced the Monognetic Punta Negra volcano, located over the Barrancas Blanca-Fault scarp (10±0,8 Ma) and immediately to the south of Punta Negra volcano, travertine deposits are present in the footwall of Barrancas Blancas fault (10-2 Ma; Quade et al., 2017). This work presents the preliminary results from geomorphologic and stratigraphic data, and structural analysis from Barrancas Blancas fault, and the sediment wedge related with the fault scarpament. These results were combined with geochronological data from magmatic and hydrothermal related rocks/minerals, with the objetive to rebuild the activity of Barrancas Blancas fault and its relation with the magmatic activity during Miocene-Pliocene. Our results show that Barrancas Blancas fault has reverse displacement during Lower Miocene, which caused folding of the Rio Frio ignimbrite and Pampa de Mulas Formation. This period has a maximum age of 11,7 Ma and can be related to the local uplift of the Altiplano-Puna plateau. Using a cinematic analysis, we have identified a period with transtensional activity for Barrancas Blancas fault, which had been coeval with magmatic/hydrothermal activity, the last represented by monogenetic (Punta Negra volcano, ca. 10 Ma) and geothermal activity. The hydrothermal activity in the Barrancas Blancas fault would have lasted until to ca. 2 Ma, coeval with the depositation of alluvial fans related with the scarp backward movement. Our hypothesis suggests that transtensional activity of the Barrancas Blancas fault is related with the uplift and local collapse of the Altiplano

Automatic Generation of Urban Road 3D Models for Pedestrian Studies From LiDAR Data

[Abstract] The point clouds acquired with a mobile LiDAR scanner (MLS) have high density and accuracy, which allows one to identify different elements of the road in them, as can be found in many scientific references, especially in the last decade. This study presents a methodology to characterize the urban space available for walking, by segmenting point clouds from data acquired with MLS and automatically generating impedance surfaces to be used in pedestrian accessibility studies. Common problems in the automatic segmentation of the LiDAR point cloud were corrected, achieving a very accurate segmentation of the points belonging to the ground. In addition, problems caused by occlusions caused mainly by parked vehicles and that prevent the availability of LiDAR points in spaces normally intended for pedestrian circulation, such as sidewalks, were solved in the proposed methodology. The innovation of this method lies, therefore, in the high definition of the generated 3D model of the pedestrian space to model pedestrian mobility, which allowed us to apply it in the search for shorter and safer pedestrian paths between the homes and schools of students in urban areas within the Big-Geomove project. Both the developed algorithms and the LiDAR data used are freely licensed for their use in further research.This research study was funded by the Directorate-General for Traffic of Spain, grant number SPIP2017-0234

Reconstrucción de edificios y análisis urbanístico de centros históricos con fotogrametría aérea

Historical city centers are complex scenarios to be reconstructed in 3D. Advances in automated 3D reconstruction are useful to apply urban analysis that otherwise will require a lot of human effort. In this paper, urban parameters are automatically derived to quantify the urban analysis in historical city centers. Particularly, an aerial photogrammetric flight is used as input data to reconstruct 3D models of buildings with metric capabilities. The results reveal that geometric information of buildings (heights, areas and volumes) and urban density attributes (building coverage ratio and floor area ratio) plays an essential role in the design, planning and management of historical cities. The approach developed was validated in the historical city center of Trento (Italy) using cadastral data and a mobile mapping system (MMS) as ground-truth.Los centros urbanos históricos son escenarios complejos para su reconstrucción tridimensional. Los avances en la reconstrucción automática son de gran utilidad para realizar análisis urbanísticos que de otra manera requerirían un elevado esfuerzo humano. En este artículo, se derivarán de forma automática parámetros urbanísticos para el análisis de los centros históricos. En particular, se utiliza un vuelo fotogramétrico como base para la obtención de modelos 3D de edificios con propiedades métricas. Los resultados revelan que la información geométrica de los edificios (alturas, áreas y volúmenes) y los atributos de densidad urbana (intensidad de ocupación del suelo en 2D y 3D) juegan un papel esencial en el diseño, planificación y gestión de los centros históricos. El enfoque propuesto fue validado en el centro histórico de la ciudad de Trento (Italia) utilizando datos catastrales y un sistema de cartografiado móvil como referencia geométrica

Geomatics and Forensic: Progress and Challenges

Since graphics hold qualitative and quantitative information of complex crime scenes, it becomes a basic key to develop hypothesis in police investigations and also to prove these hypotheses in court. Forensic analysis involves tasks of scene information mining as well as its reconstruction in order to extract elements for explanatory police test or to show forensic evidence in legal proceedings. Currently, the combination of sensors and technologies allows the integration of spatial data and the generation of virtual infographic products (orthoimages, solid images, point clouds, cross‐sections, etc.) which are extremely attractive. These products, which successfully retain accurate 3D metric information, are revolutionizing dimensional reconstruction of objects and crime scenes. Thus, it can be said that the reconstruction and 3D visualization of complex scenes are one of the main challenges for the international scientific community. To overcome this challenge, techniques related with computer vision, computer graphics and geomatics work closely. This chapter reviews a set of geomatic techniques, applied to improve infographic forensic products, and its evolution. The integration of data from different sensors whose final purpose is 3D accurate modelling is also described. As we move into a highly active research area, where there are still many uncertainties to be resolved, the final section addresses these challenges and outlines future perspectives

Comparing Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and Wearable Laser Scanning (WLS) for Individual Tree Modeling at Plot Level

54 p.This study presents a comparison between the use of wearable laser scanning (WLS) and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) devices for automatic tree detection with an estimation of two dendrometric variables: diameter at breast height (DBH) and total tree height (TH). Operative processes for data collection and automatic forest inventory are described in detail. The approach used is based on the clustering of points belonging to each individual tree, the isolation of the trunks, the iterative fitting of circles for the DBH calculation and the computation of the TH of each tree. TLS and WLS point clouds were compared by the statistical analysis of both estimated forest dendrometric parameters and the possible presence of bias. Results show that the apparent differences in point density and relative precision between both 3D forest models do not affect tree detection and DBH estimation. Nevertheless, tree height estimation using WLS appears to be affected by the limited scanning range of the WLS used in this study. TH estimations for trees below a certain height are equivalent using WLS or TLS, whereas TH of taller trees is clearly underestimated using WLSS

Novel Pole Photogrammetric System for Low-Cost Documentation of Archaeological Sites: The Case Study of “Cueva Pintada”

19 p.Close-range photogrammetry is a powerful and widely used technique for 3D reconstruction of archaeological environments, specifically when a high-level detail is required. This paper presents an innovative low-cost system that allows high quality and detailed reconstructions of indoor complex scenarios with unfavorable lighting conditions by means of close-range nadir and oblique images as an alternative to drone acquisitions for those places where the use of drones is limited or discouraged: (i) indoor scenarios in which both loss of GNSS signal and need of long exposure times occur, (ii) scenarios with risk of raising dust in suspension due to the proximity to the ground and (iii) complex scenarios with variability in the presence of nooks and vertical elements of different heights. The low-altitude aerial view reached with this system allows high-quality 3D documentation of complex scenarios helped by its ergonomic design, self-stability, lightness, and flexibility of handling. In addition, its interchangeable and remote-control support allows to board different sensors and perform both acquisitions that follow the ideal photogrammetric epipolar geometry but also acquisitions with geometry variations that favor a more complete and reliable reconstruction by avoiding occlusions. This versatile pole photogrammetry system has been successfully used to 3D reconstruct and document the “Cueva Pintada” archaeological site located in Gran Canaria (Spain), of approximately 5400 m2 with a Canon EOS 5D MARK II SLR digital camera. As final products: (i) a great quality photorealistic 3D model of 1.47 mm resolution and ±8.4 mm accuracy, (ii) detailed orthophotos of the main assets of the archaeological remains and (iii) a visor 3D with associated information on the structures, materials and plans of the site were obtained.S